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How do Roth conversions affect my taxes?

A conversion is generally taxed in the year you convert. In exchange, qualified withdrawals from the Roth later are generally tax-free and not subject to RMDs (subject to rules like the 5-year clock and age requirements). PortfolioPilot lets you model different conversion amounts and timing (e.g., multi-year ladders) to see bracket impact and after-tax outcomes in your plan.

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1: As of November 14, 2025