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Investing

Active and Passive Investing: Is there an alternative for self-directed investors?

By
Alexander Harmsen
Alexander Harmsen is the Co-founder and CEO of PortfolioPilot. With a track record of building AI-driven products that have scaled globally, he brings deep expertise in finance, technology, and strategy to create content that is both data-driven and actionable.
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PortfolioPilot Compliance Team
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Active and Passive Investing: Is there an alternative for self-directed investors?

There’s an allure to hand-picking stocks with the hopes of finding the next big one. No thanks to the financial media, there is a fear of missing out –  but the simple truth is that it’s very difficult to outperform the market. Even actively managed funds struggle to do so.

Most individual investors should be focused on building and managing a well-constructed portfolio instead of individual stock picking. The way investors typically manage their portfolios falls into two main styles:

Active management, where the individual investor or portfolio manager is strategically buying and selling securities with a goal of outperforming the broader market. In this case, the securities are either hand-picked by the investor, or they pay others to pick the securities that are market-beating.

Passive management, the opposite management style, is where the individual investor buys assets in order to participate in long-term capital appreciation without a particular view on any individual security's short-term outperformance. Passive investors typically use broad-based and inexpensive instruments like ETFs or index mutual funds in order to get exposure to a wide variety of underlying securities. Though not looking to capture short-term fluctuations in value or time markets and events, good passive investors will occasionally re-tune their exposures and rebalance their held positions. Our partner Passiv has a great guide on portfolio rebalancing that will help you get started.

What are the pros and cons?

According to Bloomberg Intelligence, for most individual investors, the cons of actively managing your investment portfolio outweigh the pros. Though investing and ultimately seeing the biggest return is important, the amount of time and resources needed to compete with institutional investors is often unrealistic. For all but the savviest and most dedicated individual investors, professionals will often exploit opportunities and spoil returns before said investors have the chance to benefit. Even if you believe in the promise of active management and want to hire someone to invest on your behalf,  there are only a few great portfolio managers out there, and are nearly impossible to access. Settling for hiring a subpar manager will likely lead to a situation where the fees outweigh the returns.

Not satisfied?

Self-directed Investors can achieve more

At Global Predictions, we think there is a third strategy that nicely blends the pros of each of these two traditional investment strategies. In fact, we feel so strongly about this approach that we’ve built an individual wealth management platform, to allow individuals to take advantage of this strategy.

We think a Hybrid Investing Strategy is best for individual investors as it allows them to

  • Enjoy the time savings and cost savings (i.e., fewer transaction costs, no exorbitant management fees).
  • Match their risk and take steps to protect their downside, leading to building more confidence as an investor.
  • Re-position your portfolio periodically to try to take advantage of medium-term economic trends to earn better returns.

Learn more about this superior Hybrid Investing Strategy here.

Active vs Passive Investing FAQs

Why do most individual investors struggle to outperform the market through stock picking?
The article notes that even actively managed funds often underperform benchmarks, and individual investors typically lack the time and resources to compete with institutional players who exploit opportunities faster.
How did the rise of index mutual funds and ETFs change investing behavior?
Over recent decades, belief in efficient markets drove adoption of index mutual funds and later ETFs, making passive investing mainstream and more tax-efficient through low-cost, broad-based instruments.
What is the core goal of active portfolio management?
Active management seeks to outperform the broader market through frequent buying and selling of securities, either by hand-picking stocks or hiring managers who aim to generate excess returns.
How do passive investors typically gain market exposure?
Passive investors usually rely on low-cost index funds or ETFs to achieve long-term capital appreciation, occasionally rebalancing or re-tuning exposures without attempting to time short-term market movements.
What are the main drawbacks of active management for retail investors?
Active management often requires extensive resources, expertise, and access to opportunities. High fees and limited access to top-performing managers mean that most individual investors face costs that outweigh potential excess returns.
How frequently should passive investors rebalance portfolios?
The article suggests occasional rebalancing as part of passive investing, with partners like Passiv providing guidance. Rebalancing maintains intended exposures despite market fluctuations.
Why is hiring an average active manager often ineffective?
The article highlights that few truly skilled managers exist, and accessing them is difficult. Settling for a subpar manager often results in fees eroding net returns rather than enhancing performance.
What key advantage does passive management hold over active management?
Passive management offers lower costs, simplicity, and broad diversification. It avoids the time intensity of stock selection, while still participating in long-term capital appreciation of markets.
How does hybrid investing attempt to solve the shortcomings of active and passive approaches?
Hybrid investing blends passive cost savings and diversification with selective re-positioning to capture medium-term macro trends, aiming for stronger risk-adjusted returns without constant trading.
What time savings can hybrid investing provide compared to active strategies?
Hybrid investing minimizes frequent trading and monitoring while still allowing for periodic adjustments, offering investors efficiency without the heavy time burden of active management.

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1: As of February 20, 2025